When a system goes down, users don’t care whether it was a server crash, a bug, or a configuration mistake. All they see is one thing: “The app is not working.” That moment when users can’t use the system is what truly matters. And preventing that mo...
When people hear REST, they often think it simply means “an HTTP endpoint that returns JSON.” But REST is much more than that. It’s a way of designing interactions between clients and servers, not a library or a framework. Let’s break REST down in a ...
Sharding vs Partitioning: What’s the Real Difference? As applications grow, databases often become the first bottleneck. Queries slow down, writes queue up, and suddenly the system that worked fine yesterday starts struggling today. Two common techni...
Microservices are everywhere today. Almost every modern system design discussion eventually reaches the question: “Should we move to microservices?” Before answering that, it’s important to understand what microservices really are, how they differ fr...
Databases are used in systems where correctness really matters, like payment, bookings, inventory, user data, and more. To make sure data stays reliable even under failures and heavy concurrency, databases follow a set of guarantees known as ACID: A...
Database deadlocks are among the most challenging concurrency issues encountered in real-world production systems. While modern databases are designed to handle parallel workloads efficiently, deadlocks remain an unavoidable side effect of correct lo...
